3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, exhibiting dose-dependent reduction of lymphocyte proliferation in mitogen-induced blastogenesis, albeit less potently than deoxynivalenol. In a comparative study of deoxynivalenol and its 3- and 15-acetyl derivatives on transepithelial transport, gene expression, and cytokine secretion in human intestinal cell Caco-2, all metabolites could induce mRNA expression and production of IL-8, with 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol being less potent than it 15-acetyl analogue. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization-mediated apoptosis and inhibits autophagic flux in macrophages.