Octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is an active quorum sensing modulator first recognised in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and other acylhomoserine lactones have been detected in hundreds of bacterial species and, while the homologues vary between species and strains, the homoserine lactones are the major chemical modulators of within and between cell communication and regulation. The most significant variable defining the function of the homoserine lactone is the length of the acyl chain, with shorter chains displaying opposing actions to the longer chains.