Nivalenol
Application Notes
Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium sp. infecting grains. Nivalenol inhibits protein synthesis in H-HeLa cells, causing rapid and almost quantitative breakdown of polyribosomes. Nivalenol induces apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 and is associated with a cell cycle blocking in G0/G1 phase. Nivalenol demonstrates time-dependent inhibition followed by stimulation of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-5 in concanavalin A-treated CD4+ T-cells.
References
- Toxicological research on substances from fusarium nivale III: The structure of nivalenol and its monoacetate. Tatsuno T. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 10, 2823.
- Mechanism of inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis by trichothecene fungal toxins. Cundliffe E. et al. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1974, 71, 30.
- Pro-apoptotic effects of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol trichothecenes in J774A.1 murine macrophages. Marzocco S. et al. Toxicology Lett. 2009, 189, 21.
- Effects of trichothecene mycotoxins on eukaryotic cells: A review. Rocha O. et al. Food Add Contam. 2005, 22, 369.