Neosolaniol (solaniol), a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp., is a metabolite of T-2 toxin. Neosolaniol is cytotoxic to human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) and normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) with IC50 0.7–3.0 M albeit less potent than T-2 toxin. The parent T-2 toxin strongly induces apoptosis, however hydrolysis of T-2 at the C-8 position to neosolaniol diminishes the latter’s ability to induce DNA fragmentation. Neosolaniol inhibits synthesis of the disease resistance protein AvrRpm1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.