Research on chloramphenicol antibiotics has spanned 65 years with thousands of analogues prepared and published in the patent and scientific literature. The nine analogues in the Chloramphenicol Analogue Set represent pivotal advances in the development of the class, with the analogues displaying a range of physico-chemical, potency, spectrum of action and cross-resistance profiles. The Chloramphenicol Analogue Set is a useful tool in addressing current research questions on this important class of antibiotics.