Antimycin A1 is the most hydrophobic of the four analogues of the antimycin A complex. Like all antimycins, antimycin A1 exhibits potent antifungal, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antiviral and antitumor activity across a range of bioassays. Although broadly active as respiration inhibitors, more recent investigation has highlighted the importance of individual members of the complex as bioprobes. Antimycin A1 inhibits angiogenesis via a decrease in VEGF production caused by inhibition of HIF-1a activation.