Hancockiamide A is the major component of an unusual family of N-cinnamoylated piperazines from the Australian soil fungus Aspergillus hancockii. Hancockiamide A displays potent cytotoxic activity against murine myeloma NS-1 cells (MIC 1.6 μg/mL) and is inactive against neonatal foreskin fibroblasts. The producing organism, A. hancockii, has the capacity to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, starch, chitin, cutin and fructan as nutrient sources.