15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp. infecting cereals and grains and posing a health risk to humans and livestock. 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol has lower acute oral toxicity than deoxynivalenol in mice. In a comparative study of the effects of deoxynivalenol and its 3- and 15-acetyl derivatives on transepithelial transport, gene expression, and cytokine secretion in human intestinal cell Caco-2, all metabolites could induce mRNA expression and production of IL-8, with 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol causing the highest permeability and IL-8 secretion.